Urolithin

Intshayelelo kwi-Urolithins

IiUrolithins zii-metabolites zesekondari ze-ellagic acid ethathwe kwi-ellagitannins. Ebantwini i-ellagitannins ziguqulwa yi-gut microflora ibe yi-ellagic acid eguqukela kwi-urolithins A, urolithin B, urolithin C kunye ne-urolithin D kumathumbu amakhulu.

I-Urolithin A (UA) yeyona metabolites ixhaphakileyo ye-ellagitannins. Nangona kunjalo, i-urolithin A ayaziwa ukuba yenzeke ngokwendalo kuyo nayiphi na imithombo yokutya.

I-Urolithin B (UB) yimetabolite eninzi eveliswa emathunjini ngokutshintsha kwe-ellagitannins. I-Urolithin B yimveliso yokugqibela emva kokuba zonke ezinye izinto ezivela kwi-urolithin zenziwe. I-Urolithin B ifumaneka kumchamo njenge-urolithin B glucuronide.

  I-Urolithin A-8-Methyl Ether yeyona mveliso iphakathi ngexesha lokudityaniswa kwe-Urolithin A. Yimetabolite yesibini ebalulekileyo ye-ellagitannin kwaye ineepropathi zokulwa nokudumba.

Indlela yokusebenza kwe-urolithin A kunye no-B

● I-Urolithin A inducus mitophagy

I-Mitophagy yindlela enye ye-autophagy enceda ukuphelisa i-mitochondrial eyonakeleyo ekusebenzeni kwayo ngokugqibeleleyo. I-Autophagy ibhekisa kwinkqubo ngokubanzi apho iziqulatho ze-cytoplasmic ziye zonakaliswe kwaye ngenxa yoko ziphinde zisebenze kwakhona ngelixa i-mitophagy kukuwohloka nokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-mitochondria.

Ngexesha lokuguga ukuncipha kwe-autophagy yenye yezinto ekhokelela ekwehleni komsebenzi we-mitochondrial. Ukuqhubela phambili, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative lunokukhokelela kwi-autophagy ephantsi. I-Urolithin A inesakhono sokuphelisa i-mitochondria eyonakalisiweyo ngokukhetha i-autophagy.

● Iipropathi ze-Antioxidant

Uxinzelelo lwe-Oxidative lwenzeka xa kukho ukungalingani phakathi kweeradicals simahla kunye ne-antioxidant emzimbeni. Ezi radicals zasimahla ezixhaphakileyo zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nezifo ezininzi ezinganyangekiyo ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo, isifo seswekile kunye nomhlaza.

I-Urolithins A kunye ne-B zibonisa iziphumo ze-antioxidant ngokwazi kwazo ukunciphisa i-radicals yasimahla kwaye ikakhulu amanqanaba e-oxygen asebenzayo (i-ROS) kunye nokuthintela i-lipid peroxidation kwiindidi ezithile zeseli.

Ukongeza, ii-urolithins ziyakwazi ukuthintela ii-enzymes ezithile, kubandakanya i-monoamine oxidase A kunye ne-tyrosinase.

● Izinto ezichasayo

Ukudumba yinkqubo yendalo apho imizimba yethu ilwa nayo nayiphi na into ewileyo enjengosulelo, ukonzakala kunye neentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ukudumba okungapheliyo kunokuba yingozi emzimbeni njengoko oku kunxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka okunje ngesifuba, imiba yentliziyo kunye nomhlaza. Ukudumba okungapheliyo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokungahoyeki okungapheliyo, ukusuleleka okanye nokufumana simahla emzimbeni.

I-Urolithins A no-B zibonisa iipropathi ezichasene nokuvuvukala ngokuthintela imveliso ye-nitric oxide. Ngokubanzi bathintela i-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) engafanelekanga yeprotheni kunye ne-mRNA expression enoxanduva lokuvuvukala.

● Iziphumo ezichasene neentsholongwane

Iintsholongwane kubandakanya isifo, iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane zenzeka ngokwemvelo kwindawo yomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ii-virus ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba ziintsholongwane zinokubangela izifo ezosulelayo ezinjengomkhuhlane, imasisi kunye neMalariya.

I-Urolithin A kunye ne-B ziyakwazi ukubonisa imisebenzi ye-antimicrobial ngokuthintela uvakalelo lwe-quorum. Ukuziva ngentsimbi yethorum yindlela yokunxibelelana ngebhaktiriya eyenza ukuba iibacteria zibone kwaye zilawule iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokusuleleka ezinje nge virulence kunye motility.

● Ukuthintela iprotheni glycation

I-Glycation ibhekisa ekuncamathisweni kwe-non-enzymatic yeswekile kwi-lipid okanye kwiproteni. Luphawu oluphambili lwe-biomarker kwiswekile kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kunye nokwaluphala.

I-glycation ephezulu yeeprotheyini sisiphumo sesibini se-hyperglycemia inendima enkulu kwizifo ezinxulumene nentliziyo kunye nesifo seswekile kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer's.

I-Urolithin A kunye ne-B zinepropathi ezichasene neglycative ezixhomekeke kwidosi ezizimeleyo kwimisebenzi yazo ye-antioxidant.

Izibonelelo ze-Urolithin A no-B

Ii-Urolithins zineziphumo ezininzi eziluncedo ezixhaswe bubungqina obusekwe kuphando lwezinto ezichasayo ezichasayo, i-anti-carcinogenic, i-antioxidant, kunye neempawu ezichasayo. Izibonelelo ze-Urolithin A zihambelana kakhulu nezibonelelo ze-urolithin B. Apha ngezantsi kukho izibonelelo ezichazwe kwii-urolithins;

Urolithin Izibonelelo

(1) Inokwandisa ixesha lokuphila
I-Urolithin A induces mitophagy ngokukhetha ngokususa i-mitochondria eyonakalisiweyo. Oku kukwaqinisekisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe imitochondria ukuze isebenze kakuhle. I-Mitochondria ihlala yonakala kunye nobudala kwaye ngenxa yoxinzelelo. Ukukhupha i-mitochondria eyonakalisiweyo idlala indima ekwandiseni ixesha lokuphila.

Kuphononongo lweentshulube, urolithin Isongezelelo esilawulwa kwi-50 µM ukusuka kwinqanaba leqanda de kwaba sekufeni kufunyanwe ukuba bandise ixesha labo lobomi ngama-45.4%.

Kwesinye isifundo esenziwe ngo-2019 kusetyenziswa i-senescent human fibroblasts, i-urolithin A supplement yafunyanwa ukubonisa amandla okuguga. Iyakwazi ukonyusa uhlobo lwe-1 collagen expression kunye nokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-matrix metalloproteinase 1.

Isifundo esincinci esincinci somntu sibonisa ukuba i-UA yayikwazi ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial kunye nethambo kwimpilo yabantu abadala xa ilawulwa ngomlomo kwi-500-1000mg kwisithuba seeveki ezine.

(2) Nceda ukukhusela umhlaza wedlala lobudoda
Ii-urolithins kunye nomanduleli wazo, i-ellagitannins, zinepropathi ezichasene nomhlaza. Bayakwazi ukuthintela ukwanda komhlaza weseli ngokubanjwa komjikelo weseli kunye nokuphembelela i-apoptosis. I-Apoptosis ibhekisa ekufeni kwesicwangcisiweyo apho umzimba uphelisa umhlaza-kunye neeseli ezosulelekileyo.

Kuphononongo lweempuku zifakwe kwiiseli zomhlaza zomntu, ii-ellagitannins metabolites (i-Urolithin A) zifunyenwe zithintela ukukhula komhlaza webele. Uphononongo luye lwaxela ukugcwala okuphezulu kweetabolites kwi-gland ye-Prostate, colon kunye nethambo lesisu.

(3) Ukuphuculwa kwengqondo
I-Urolithin A iyakwazi ukukhusela i-neurons ekufeni kwaye inokubangela neurogeneis ngokusebenzisa ukuchasana nokuvuvukala.

Kuphononongo lweempuku kunye nokukhubazeka kwememori, i-urolithin A yafunyanwa ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka kwengqondo kunye nokukhusela i-neurons kwi-apoptosis. Oku kucebisa ukuba iAA ingasetyenziswa kunyango lwesifo iAlzheimer's (AD).

(4) Ukubakho kokutyeba kakhulu
Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-ellagitannins iyakwazi ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwe-lipid kunye neziphawuli ze-adipogenic ezinje ngeprotein yokuphendula ukukhula 2 kunye ne-protein yokuqinisa ukubopha ngomjikelezo weseli.

I-Urolithin A ifunyenwe ngokuthe ngqo ukuphucula uvakalelo lwe-insulin ke ngoko kuthintela ukukhula koxinzelelo.

Kuphononongo lweempuku ezineengxaki zokutyeba kakhulu, i-urolithin Isongezelelo safunyanwa ukukhusela ukutyeba okubangelwa kukutya kakhulu kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwe-metabolic kumagundane. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba unyango lwe-UA lwenyusa inkcitho yamandla ngenxa yoko ubunzima bomzimba obuphantsi.

Izibonelelo ze-Urolithin B

Izongezo ze-Urolithin B zikwanazo neenzuzo ezininzi zempilo kwaye uninzi lwazo ziyafana nezibonelelo ze-urolithin A.

(1) Ukuchasana nomhlaza
Iimpawu ezichasene nokuvuvukala kwe-urolithin B ziyenza ukhetho olululo lokulwa nomhlaza. Abanye abaphandi baxele ngezi zinto zinokwenzeka kwi-fibroblasts, microphages nakwiseli ze-endothelial.

Izifundo ziye zaxela ukuba i-UB ibangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezifana ne-Prostate, ikholoni kunye nomhlaza webala.

Kuphononongo olubandakanya iiseli zomhlaza wesibeleko yabantu, ii-ellagitannins, i-ellagic acid kunye ne-urolithins A no-B ziye zavavanywa ukuba nakho kwazo ukulwa nomhlaza. Baxela ukuba zonke iindlela zonyango zazikwazi ukuthintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Bezithintela iiseli zomhlaza ukuba zande ngokubakho komjikelo weseli ngokubanjwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo nangokuphembelela i-apoptosis.

(2) Unokunceda ukulwa noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative
I-Urolithin B inezinto ezintle ze-antioxidant ngokunciphisa amanqanaba e-oksijeni asebenzayo kunye ne-lipid peroxidation kwiindidi ezithile zeeseli. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-ROS ayanyaniswa nokuphazamiseka okuninzi njengesifo se-Alzheimer's.

Kwisifundo esineeseli ze-neuronal ezichanekileyo koxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, ukongezwa kweurolithin B kunye ne-urolithin A kwafunyanwa ukukhusela iiseli ekuchaseni i-oxidation kungoko ke kwandise ukusinda kweseli.

(3) Urolithin B kuphuculo lwenkumbulo
I-Urolithin b iye yanikelwa ingxelo yokuphucula ukubangaba kwegazi. Oku kuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo.

Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-urolithin B inokuba ngumthombo wememori onokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo ngokubanzi.

(4) Uthintela ukulahleka kwemisipha
Ukuphulukana nemisipha kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo njengokuphazamiseka, ukwaluphala kunye nokusilela kweprotein ekutyeni. Amanyathelo aliqela okumisa, ukunciphisa kunye okanye okungcono ukunqanda ukulahleka kwemisipha kubandakanya, ukuzivocavoca, iziyobisi kunye ne-amino acid kunye neep polyphenols ezinokuqeshwa.

I-urolithins inokuhlelwa njengee-polyphenols kunye nendima yokudlala ekuthinteleni ukulahleka kwemisipha ngokwenza i-synthesis yemisipha yeprotein kunye nokunciphisa ukutsala.

Kwisifundo kunye neempuku, ii-supplements ze-Urolithin B ezilawulwa ixesha elide zifunyenwe ukuphucula ukukhula kwemisipha yazo njengoko izihlunu zibonwe ukuba zikhula.  

(5) Urolithin B ulwa nokudumba
I-Urolithin B ineepropathi ezichasene nosulelo ngokunciphisa uninzi lwophawu losulelo.

 Kuphononongo lwamagundwane ane-renal fibrosis eyandisiweyo, i-urolithin B yafunyanwa ukuze kulungiswe ukwenzakala kwezintso. Iphuculise umsebenzi we-renal, i-morphology yezintso kunye nokunciphisa uphawu lokulimala kwe-renal. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-UB ibikwazi ukunciphisa ukusuleleka kwezintso.

(6) Izibonelelo ezihambelanayo ze-urolithin A kunye no-B
Iziphumo zeSynergistic ziye zaxelwa kwindibaniselwano ye-urolithin A kunye no-B ekusebenzeni kwengqondo kunye namandla. Olu phando luye lwathi le ndibaniselwano inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga okanye ukunqanda ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esifana nexhala okanye isifo se-Alzheimer's.

Ezinye izibonelelo ezihambelana ne-urolithins zezi;

• Neuroprotection
• I-Ameliorates metabolic syndrome

Imithombo yokutya ye-Urolithin A no-B

I-Urolithins ayaziwa ukuba ifunyenwe ngokwemvelo kuyo nayiphi na imithombo yokutya. Ziyimveliso yenguqu ye-ellagic acids evela kwi-ellagitannins. I-Ellagitannins iguqulwa ibe yi-ellagic acids yi-gut micobiota kwaye i-ellagic acid iguqulwe kwakhona kwi-metabolites yayo (i-urolithins) kumathumbu amakhulu.

  I-Ellagitannins zenzeka ngokwendalo kwimithombo yokutya efana neerharnati, amajikijolo aquka amaqunube, iirasibheri, amaqunube kunye namaqunube amnyama, iidiliya zemiscadine, iiamangile, iigwava, iti, kunye namandongomane afana neewalnuts kunye nee-chestnuts kunye neziselo ezindala zom-oki umzekelo iwayini ebomvu kunye ne-whisky evela Imiphanda yom-oki.

Singagqiba ke ukuba yi-urolithin A yokutya kunye nokutya kwe-urolithin B kukutya okune-ellagitannin. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-ellagitannin bioavailability inqongophele ngelixa i-metabolites yesibini (i-urolithins) ifumaneka ngokulula.

Ukukhutshelwa kwe-Urolithins kunye nemveliso ziyahluka ngokubanzi phakathi kwabantu okoko kuguqulwa kwi-ellagitannins kuxhomekeke kwi-microbiota emathunjini. Kukho iintsholongwane ezithile ezibandakanyekileyo kolu tshintsho kwaye ziyahluka phakathi kwabantu apho ezinye zine-microbiota ephezulu, ephantsi okanye engekhoyo. Imithombo yokutya iyahluka ngokwamanqanaba e-ellagitannins. Yiyo loo nto izibonelelo ezinokubakho ze-ellagitannins ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Izixhobo zeUrolithin A kunye neB

I-Urolithin A izongezo kunye nezongezelelo ze-Urolithin B zifumaneka ngokulula kwintengiso njengemithombo yokutya ene-ellagitannin. I-Urolithin A izongezo ziyafumaneka ngokulula. Ubukhulu becala iirharnate zongezelelwa ziye zathengiswa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo. Ezi zongezelelo zidityaniswa zivela kwiziqhamo okanye amandongomane kwaye zenziwa kwifom yolwelo okanye umgubo.

Ngenxa yomahluko kwi-ellagitannins yoxinaniso kukutya okwahlukileyo, abathengi be-urolithin bayithenga beqwalasele umthombo wokutya. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo xa ukhangela i-urolithin B powder okanye izongezo zolwelo.

Izifundo ezimbalwa zeklinikhi eziqhutywe nge-urolithin A powder okanye i-B azichazanga naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kulawulo lwezi zongezo.

Imbekiselo:

1. UGarcia-Munoz, uCristina; UVaillant, uFabrice (2014-12-02). "Isiphelo seMetabolic ye-Ellagitannins: Iziphumo zeMpilo, kunye nePhando lokuPhononongwa kokutya okuSebenzayo okusebenzayo". Uphengululo oluBalulekileyo kwiSayensi yezoKutya kunye nesondlo.
2. IBialonska D, iKasimsetty SG, uKhan SI, uFerreira D (11 ngoNovemba 2009). "I-Urolithins, emathunjini amancinci emetabolites ye-Pomegranate ellagitannins, ibonisa isenzo esinamandla se-antioxidant kulingo olusekwe kwiseli". J Agric Ukutya Chem.
3. UBodwell, uGraham; Pottie, uIan; INandaluru, iPenchal (2011). "I-Inverse Electron-Demand Diels-Alder-based based Synthesis of Urolithin M7".